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1.
BMC Infect Dis ; 24(1): 87, 2024 Jan 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38225550

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted multiple health services, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, care, and treatment services, jeopardizing the achievement of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 90-90-90 global target. While there are limited studies assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Latin America, there are none, to our knowledge, in Venezuela. This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among PLHIV seen at the outpatient clinic of a reference hospital in Venezuela. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among PLHIV aged 18 years and over seen at the Infectious Diseases Department of the University Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela between March 2021 and February 2022. RESULTS: A total of 238 PLHIV were included in the study. The median age was 43 (IQR 31-55) years, and the majority were male (68.9%). Most patients (88.2%, n = 210) came for routine check-ups, while 28 (11.3%) were newly diagnosed. The majority of patients (96.1%) were on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but only 67.8% had a viral load test, with almost all (95.6%) being undetectable. Among those who attended regular appointments, 11.9% reported missing at least one medical consultation, and 3.3% reported an interruption in their ART refill. More than half of the patients (55.5%) had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, while the rest expressed hesitancy to get vaccinated. Most patients with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were male (65.1%), younger than 44 years (57.5%), employed (47.2%), and had been diagnosed with HIV for less than one year (33%). However, no statistically significant differences were found between vaccinated patients and those with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Older age was a risk factor for missing consultations, while not having an alcoholic habit was identified as a protective factor against missing consultations. CONCLUSION: This study found that the COVID-19 pandemic had a limited impact on adherence to medical consultations and interruptions in ART among PLHIV seen at the University Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Infecções por HIV , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , HIV , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Estudos Transversais , Vacinas contra COVID-19/uso terapêutico , Venezuela/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia
2.
J Med Virol ; 94(3): 1175-1185, 2022 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34761824

RESUMO

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has particularly affected countries with weakened health services in Latin America, where proper patient management could be a critical step to address the epidemic. In this study, we aimed to characterize and identify which epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical risk factors defined COVID-19 infection from the first confirmed cases through the first epidemic wave in Venezuela. A retrospective analysis of consecutive suspected cases of COVID-19 admitted to a sentinel hospital was carried out, including 576 patient cases subsequently confirmed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Of these, 162 (28.1%) patients met the definition criteria for severe/critical disease, and 414 (71.2%) were classified as mild/moderate disease. The mean age was 47 (SD 16) years, the majority of which were men (59.5%), and the most frequent comorbidity was arterial hypertension (23.3%). The most common symptoms included fever (88.7%), headache (65.6%), and dry cough (63.9%). Severe/critical disease affected mostly older males with low schooling (p < 0.001). Similarly, higher levels of glycemia, urea, aminotransferases, total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were observed in severe/critical disease patients compared to those with mild/moderate disease. Overall mortality was 7.6% (44/576), with 41.7% (28/68) dying in hospital. We identified risk factors related to COVID-19 infection, which could help healthcare providers take appropriate measures and prevent severe clinical outcomes. Our results suggest that the mortality registered by this disease in Venezuela during the first epidemic wave was underestimated. An increase in fatalities is expected to occur in the coming months unless measures that are more effective are implemented to mitigate the epidemic while the vaccination process is ongoing.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Venezuela/epidemiologia
3.
Biomedica ; 41(Sp. 2): 48-61, 2021 10 15.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34669278

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The studies on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding COVID-19 help to identify erroneous concepts and inadequate practices related to the disease. This baseline information is essential to design effective strategies and improve adherence to prevention measures. OBJECTIVE: To identify the COVID-19-related KAP in Venezuelan patients screened at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas triage tent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 215 patients between April 25th and May 25th, 2020, with in-person interviews using a KAP survey. RESULTS: Most surveyed patients (53.5%) were asymptomatic. Most of them, both from the symptomatic and the asymptomatic groups, had adequate knowledge about the symptoms and transmission of the disease and the majority said they were practicing quarantine, frequent handwashing, and the use of face masks in public areas. However, the daily replacement of cloth face masks was more frequent in the asymptomatic group whereas replacement every three days was more frequent in the symptomatic group. Finally, more than half of the participants admitted having been in crowded places, a common practice among the symptomatic compared to the asymptomatic patients. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first KAP study in Venezuela about COVID-19. Knowledge and practices among Venezuelans could be improved by strengthening education and training programs. This information from the early phase of the pandemic in Venezuela may contribute to the design of COVID-19 promotion and prevention strategies.


Introducción: Los estudios sobre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas (CAP) sobre COVID-19 ayudan a identificar conceptos erróneos y prácticas inadecuadas relacionadas con la enfermedad. Esta información de referencia es fundamental para diseñar estrategias efectivas y mejorar la adherencia a las medidas de prevención. Objetivo: Identificar la CAP relacionada con COVID-19 en pacientes venezolanos cribados en la carpa de triaje del Hospital Universitario de Caracas. Materiales y métodos: Realizamos un estudio transversal entre 215 pacientes entre el 25 de abril y el 25 de mayo de 2020, con entrevistas en persona utilizando una encuesta KAP. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes encuestados (53,5%) se encontraban asintomáticos. La mayoría de ellos, tanto del grupo sintomático como asintomático, tenían un conocimiento adecuado sobre los síntomas y la transmisión de la enfermedad y la mayoría dijo que practicaban la cuarentena, el lavado frecuente de manos y el uso de mascarillas en las áreas públicas. Sin embargo, el reemplazo diario de mascarillas de tela fue más frecuente en el grupo asintomático, mientras que el reemplazo cada tres días fue más frecuente en el grupo sintomático. Finalmente, más de la mitad de los participantes admitieron haber estado en lugares concurridos, una práctica común entre los sintomáticos en comparación con los asintomáticos. Conclusiones: Este es el primer estudio CAP en Venezuela sobre COVID-19. El conocimiento y las prácticas entre los venezolanos podrían mejorarse fortaleciendo los programas de educación y capacitación. Esta información de la fase inicial de la pandemia en Venezuela puede contribuir al diseño de estrategias de promoción y prevención del COVID-19.


Assuntos
COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/transmissão , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Adulto , Infecções Assintomáticas/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Aglomeração , Feminino , Desinfecção das Mãos , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/métodos , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Máscaras/estatística & dados numéricos , Distanciamento Físico , Avaliação de Sintomas , Triagem , Venezuela/epidemiologia
4.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 41(supl.2): 48-61, oct. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355759

RESUMO

Abstract | Introduction: The studies on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding COVID-19 help to identify erroneous concepts and inadequate practices related to the disease. This baseline information is essential to design effective strategies and improve adherence to prevention measures. Objective: To identify the COVID-19-related KAP in Venezuelan patients screened at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas triage tent. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 215 patients between April 25th and May 25th, 2020, with in-person interviews using a KAP survey. Results: Most surveyed patients (53.5%) were asymptomatic. Most of them, both from the symptomatic and the asymptomatic groups, had adequate knowledge about the symptoms and transmission of the disease and the majority said they were practicing quarantine, frequent handwashing, and the use of face masks in public areas. However, the daily replacement of cloth face masks was more frequent in the asymptomatic group whereas replacement every three days was more frequent in the symptomatic group. Finally, more than half of the participants admitted having been in crowded places, a common practice among the symptomatic compared to the asymptomatic patients. Conclusions: This is the first KAP study in Venezuela about COVID-19. Knowledge and practices among Venezuelans could be improved by strengthening education and training programs. This information from the early phase of the pandemic in Venezuela may contribute to the design of COVID-19 promotion and prevention strategies.


Resumen | Introducción. Los estudios de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas (CAP) relacionados con la Covid-19 permiten establecer los conceptos erróneos y las prácticas inadecuadas en torno a esta enfermedad, información fundamental para diseñar estrategias eficaces y mejorar el cumplimiento de las medidas de prevención. Objetivo. Establecer los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas relacionadas con la Covid-19 en pacientes venezolanos cribados en la carpa de triaje del Hospital Universitario de Caracas. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal en 215 pacientes entre el 25 de abril y el 25 de mayo de 2020, mediante entrevistas personales y utilizando una encuesta sobre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas. Resultados. La mayoría (53,5 %) de los pacientes encuestados se encontraba asintomática; los encuestados tenían un conocimiento adecuado sobre los síntomas y la transmisión de la enfermedad, sin distinción entre sintomáticos y asintomáticos. La mayoría de ellos indicó estar respetando las prácticas de cuarentena, lavado de manos frecuente y uso de tapabocas en público; sin embargo, el reemplazo diario de los tapabocas de tela fue más frecuente en el grupo de los asintomáticos, en tanto que el reemplazo cada tres días fue más común entre los sintomáticos. Por último, más de la mitad de los participantes admitió haber estado en lugares concurridos, siendo esta práctica más frecuente entre los sintomáticos que entre los asintomáticos. Conclusiones. Este es el primer estudio de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre la Covid-19 en Venezuela. El conocimiento y las prácticas de los venezolanos podrían mejorar mediante el fortalecimiento de los programas de educación y capacitación. Esta información, obtenida durante la fase inicial de la pandemia en Venezuela, podría contribuir al diseño de estrategias de promoción y prevención de la Covid-19.


Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Infecções por Coronavirus , Venezuela , Promoção da Saúde
7.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-181811

RESUMO

Lo fácil es pensar que la Historia Clínica (HC) es propiedad exclusiva del paciente, ya que a él se refieren todas los documentos que la componen y, además, el conteniendo de las anotaciones incide en su más estricta privacidad. A pesar de ello, dado que la HC se genera en el ámbito de una organización sanitaria y es elaborada por profesionales de la salud, éstos también son considerados propietarios: los facultativos, porque vierten allí sus conocimientos y reflexiones intelectuales, y la institución, porque auspicia y tutela la elaboración, estando obligada a su conservación y custodia


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Registros Médicos/legislação & jurisprudência , Registros Médicos/normas , Acesso dos Pacientes aos Registros , Direitos do Paciente , Espanha
9.
Microb Ecol ; 68(3): 427-40, 2014 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24760169

RESUMO

Florida Bay exhibits a natural gradient of strong P limitation in the east which shifts to weak P or even N limitation at the western boundary. This nutrient gradient greatly affects seagrass abundance and productivity across the bay. We assessed the effects of N and P additions on sediment bacterial community structure in relation to the existing nutrient gradient in Florida Bay. Sediment samples from 24 permanent 0.25 m(2) plots in each of six sites across Florida Bay were fertilized with granular N and P in a factorial design for 26 months. Sediment bacterial community structure was analyzed using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and a cloning strategy from DGGE bands. The phylogenetic positions of 16S rRNA sequences mostly fell into common members found in marine sediments such as sulfate-reducing Deltaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Spirochaetes, and Bacteriodetes. Twenty-eight common DGGE bands were found in all sediment samples; however, some DGGE bands were only found or were better represented in eastern sites. Bacterial community diversity (Shannon-Weiner index) showed similar values throughout all sediment samples. The N treatment had no effect on the bacterial community structures across the bay. Conversely, the addition of P significantly influenced the bacterial community structure at all but the most western site, where P is least limiting due to inputs from the Gulf of Mexico. P additions enhanced DGGE band sequences related to Cytophagales, Ectothiorhodospiraceae, and Desulfobulbaceae, suggesting a shift toward bacterial communities with increased capability to degrade polymeric organic matter. In addition, a band related to Deferribacteres was enhanced in eastern sites. Thus, indigenous environmental conditions were the primary determining factors controlling the bacterial communities, while the addition of P was a secondary determining factor. This P-induced change in community composition tended to be proportional to the amount of P limitation obviated by the nutrient additions.


Assuntos
Bactérias/classificação , Estuários , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiologia , Nitrogênio/química , Fósforo/química , Filogenia , Bactérias/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Gradiente Desnaturante , Fertilizantes , Florida , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Água do Mar/química , Água do Mar/microbiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Microbiologia da Água
10.
Ann Plast Surg ; 68(6): 555-8, 2012 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21629082

RESUMO

Seroma formation has been shown to be a multifactorial process in part due to dead space and the formation of raw surfaces, which produce large quantities of serous exudate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of quilting/progressive tension sutures (to reduce dead space) and fibrin sealant (to seal the raw surface) in combination on the seroma rate and length of drain placement in patients undergoing latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction. A retrospective review of 43 patients undergoing latissimus dorsi flap breast reconstruction was performed. The patients were divided into 2 groups: quilting sutures alone versus those with quilting sutures and fibrin sealant. Data regarding age, body mass index, smoking history, timing of reconstruction, type of breast surgery, radiation history, complications, length of drain placement, use of fibrin glue, and use of quilting/progressive tension sutures were collected for each patient. Results were analyzed statistically using unpaired t tests (P < 0.05). The quilting group included 19 patients with 24 donor sites. The mean drain placement duration was 21.5 days (range, 9-69 days). One patient in 19 developed a seroma, which was treated and resolved with aspiration. The seroma rate for the quilting only group was 5%. The quilting and sealant group included 23 patients with 26 donor sites. The quilting and sealant group had a mean duration of drain placement of 13.9 days (range, 6-38 days). This was a statistically reduced length of drainage (P = 0.04) compared with quilting only. The quilting and sealant group had 1 patient in 23 develop a seroma with a rate of 4% which compared with quilting only was not statistically significant (P = 0.4). The combination of quilting sutures and fibrin sealant directed at the 2 main mechanisms of seroma formation, (dead space and serous exudate, respectively) can decrease the duration of postoperative drain placement and does maintain low seroma rates.


Assuntos
Drenagem/métodos , Mamoplastia/métodos , Seroma/prevenção & controle , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Técnicas de Sutura , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos/métodos , Adesivo Tecidual de Fibrina , Humanos , Mamoplastia/efeitos adversos , Mastectomia/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seroma/etiologia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/efeitos adversos , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos/efeitos adversos
11.
Int J Infect Dis ; 15(3): e217-8, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21195650

RESUMO

Melioidosis is an important disease in Asia and Australia. It is very rare in Venezuela. We describe the case of a 50-year-old diabetic patient with several episodes of right tibial osteomyelitis, left shoulder arthritis, sternal osteomyelitis, right parietal osteomyelitis, and subperiosteal abscess, followed by septic arthritis of the right knee. In all cases Gram stain smear showed Gram-negative bacilli. Culture yielded Burkholderia pseudomallei, susceptible to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin and aztreonam, and resistant to aminoglycosides. He developed sepsis syndrome. Blood cultures and culture of abscess and joint fluids also revealed B. pseudomallei. The patient was treated with ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin, then cefepime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. He was discharged with suppressive therapy consisting of oral doxycycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and follow-up has continued to date. At this time he remains asymptomatic. Melioidosis is an extremely rare disease in our country. To our knowledge, this is only the second case reported in Venezuela.


Assuntos
Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Burkholderia pseudomallei/isolamento & purificação , Melioidose/diagnóstico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Cefepima , Ceftazidima/uso terapêutico , Cefalosporinas/uso terapêutico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Masculino , Melioidose/tratamento farmacológico , Melioidose/microbiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêutico
12.
Microb Ecol ; 59(2): 284-95, 2010 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19705193

RESUMO

Community structure of sediment bacteria in the Everglades freshwater marsh, fringing mangrove forest, and Florida Bay seagrass meadows were described based on polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) patterns of 16S rRNA gene fragments and by sequencing analysis of DGGE bands. The DGGE patterns were correlated with the environmental variables by means of canonical correspondence analysis. There was no significant trend in the Shannon-Weiner index among the sediment samples along the salinity gradient. However, cluster analysis based on DGGE patterns revealed that the bacterial community structure differed according to sites. Not only were these salinity/vegetation regions distinct but the sediment bacteria communities were consistently different along the gradient from freshwater marsh, mangrove forest, eastern-central Florida Bay, and western Florida Bay. Actinobacteria- and Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi-like DNA sequences were amplified throughout all sampling sites. More Chloroflexi and members of candidate division WS3 were found in freshwater marsh and mangrove forest sites than in seagrass sites. The appearance of candidate division OP8-like DNA sequences in mangrove sites distinguished these communities from those of freshwater marsh. The seagrass sites were characterized by reduced presence of bands belonging to Chloroflexi with increased presence of those bands related to Cyanobacteria, gamma-Proteobacteria, Spirochetes, and Planctomycetes. This included the sulfate-reducing bacteria, which are prevalent in marine environments. Clearly, bacterial communities in the sediment were different along the gradient, which can be explained mainly by the differences in salinity and total phosphorus.


Assuntos
Bactérias/genética , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiologia , Microbiologia da Água , Áreas Alagadas , Bactérias/classificação , Biodiversidade , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Florida , Água Doce/microbiologia , Fósforo/análise , Filogenia , Poaceae/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Rhizophoraceae/microbiologia , Salinidade , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA
13.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 26(2): 258-261, abr.-jun. 2009. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-564015

RESUMO

En Venezuela se conoce la existencia de Leishmaniosis visceral desde 1941, y desde 1990 se notifican en promedio50 casos por año, en focos separados ubicados en el centro, oeste sur y este del país. La incidencia de Leishmaniosisvisceral en el Estado Cojedes en Venezuela es baja, reportándose únicamente tres casos en la década de 1998 al 2007. En este artículo, se informa el primer caso de Leishmaniosis visceral en adulto en este Estado, diagnosticado por demostración del parásito por frotis de sangre periférica. Se resalta, el tener la posibilidad de efectuar diagnóstico a partirde sangre periférica, como un método alternativo y menos invasivo en fase aguda, particularmente en regiones donde no se dispone de otras herramientas de escrutinio.


In Venezuela, known to exist Visceral leishmaniasis since 1941, and since 1990 are reported on average 50 cases per year, separate sources located in central, west south and east of country. The incidence of visceral Leishmaniasis in Venezuela Cojedes state is low, being reported only three cases in the decade 1998 to 2007. In this article, we reported the first case of visceral leishmaniasis in adult in this state, diagnosed by demonstration of the parasite by peripheral blood smear. Is highlighted, having the possibility of diagnosis from peripheral blood, as an alternative and less invasivein the acute phase, particularly in regions where there are no other screening tools.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Diagnóstico , Leishmaniose Visceral , Testes Hematológicos
14.
Rev Iberoam Micol ; 25(4): 226-31, 2008 Dec 31.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19071891

RESUMO

The objective of this work was to investigate the epidemiology of pneumocystosis in Venezuelan patients utilizing a retrospective study during a six year period. One hundred and twenty nine clinical samples collected from patients with AIDS, cancer and non-AIDS-non-cancer low respiratory tract infection patients were processed by direct immunofluorescence technique. Pneumocystosis was diagnosed in 30 patients with a general frequency of 23.3%, which varied according to the patient's group: 36.6% in AIDS patients, 38% in cancer patients, and 10.4% in non-AIDS-non-cancer low respiratory tract infection patients. This study demonstrated the existence of differences in pneumocystosis frequency related to the patient's underlying disease, and that the illness is an important health problem in immunocompromised patients in Venezuela. Pneumocystosis must be suspected in non-immunocompromised patients with signs and symptoms of low respiratory tract infection, and the study of this illness must include COPD and cancer patients. Direct immunofluorescence is a useful technique for pneumocystosis diagnosis, however, it requires an optimal sample and skilled personnel in the laboratory.


Assuntos
Pneumonia por Pneumocystis/epidemiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Doenças Autoimunes/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Técnica Direta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Falência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Hepatopatias/epidemiologia , Masculino , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Infecções Oportunistas/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas/epidemiologia , Pneumonia por Pneumocystis/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Venezuela/epidemiologia
15.
Rev. iberoam. micol ; 25(4): 226-231, 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-75061

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la epidemiología de la neumocistosis enpacientes venezolanos mediante un estudio retrospectivo en un período de seisaños. Se procesaron 129 muestras clínicas de pacientes con sida, cáncer,e infección respiratoria de vías bajas sin sida ni cáncer, por la técnica deinmunofluorescencia directa. Se diagnosticaron 30 casos de neumocistosis(23,3%), y la frecuencia de diagnóstico varió según el grupo de pacientes:36,6% en pacientes con sida, 38% en pacientes con cáncer y 10,4% enpacientes con infección respiratoria de vías bajas sin sida ni cáncer. Esteestudio demostró que existen diferencias en la presentación de laneumocistosis relacionada con la enfermedad de base de los pacientes, y queesta enfermedad es un problema de salud importante en individuosinmunosuprimidos en Venezuela. La neumocistosis debe ser sospechada enpacientes no inmunosuprimidos con signos y síntomas de infección respiratoriade vías bajas, y se debe ampliar el estudio de esta enfermedad en pacientescon cáncer y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. La inmunofluorescenciadirecta es una técnica sumamente útil para el diagnóstico de la neumocistosis ysus resultados dependen de una muestra en óptimas condiciones y de laexperiencia del personal de laboratorio a cargo del diagnóstico(AU)


The objective of this work was to investigate the epidemiology ofpneumocystosis in Venezuelan patients utilizing a retrospective study during asix year period. One hundred and twenty nine clinical samples collected frompatients with AIDS, cancer and non-AIDS-non-cancer low respiratory tractinfection patients were processed by direct immunofluorescence technique.Pneumocystosis was diagnosed in 30 patients with a general frequency of23.3%, which varied according to the patient’s group: 36.6% in AIDS patients,38% in cancer patients, and 10.4% in non-AIDS-non-cancer low respiratorytract infection patients. This study demonstrated the existence of differences inpneumocystosis frequency related to the patient’s underlying disease, and thatthe illness is an important health problem in immunocompromised patients inVenezuela. Pneumocystosis must be suspected in non-immunocompromisedpatients with signs and symptoms of low respiratory tract infection, and thestudy of this illness must include COPD and cancer patients. Directimmunofluorescence is a useful technique for pneumocystosis diagnosis,however, it requires an optimal sample and skilled personnel in the laboratory(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pneumonia por Pneumocystis/epidemiologia , Pneumocystis/patogenicidade , Venezuela/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Neoplasias/complicações , Infecções Respiratórias/complicações , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/complicações , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo
16.
Bol. venez. infectol ; 18(1): 21-26, ene.-jun. 2007. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-721149

RESUMO

La gastroenteritis clásica por rotavirus y adenovirus ocurre principalmente en niños entre 6 y 24 meses, pero es común en todos los grupos etarios, incluyendo adultos. Generalmente, los adultos han sido infectados, como lo demuestra la presión de anticuerpos séricos, sin embargo, no están protegidos contra nuevos episodios. Determinar la frecuencia de infección por rotavirus y adenovirus en el Instituto Médico La Florestas (IMLF), octubre 2005-agosto 2006. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de datos obtenidos de la detección de rota/ adenovirus en heces por técnica inmunocromatografía del IMFL. Se procesaron 465 muestras de heces para rotavirus y adenovirus en todos los grupos etarios. De éstas, 162 (34,84 por ciento) muestras fueron positivas para ambos virus y sólo en 52 (32,10 por ciento) fue posible precisar si provenían de adultos o niños. En los niños, la frecuencia fue 80,77 por ciento, más elevada para adenovirus 42,31 por ciento, que para rotavirus 38,64 por ciento. En los adultos, fue 19,23 por ciento; con 13,46 por ciento y 5,77 por ciento para rotavirus y adenovirus respectivamente. La coinfección por ambos virus se encontró en 6 casos (11,54 por ciento. La infección por rotavirus, suele ser más leve en adultos; sin embargo, han sido reportadas muertes; y puede ser severa en inmunocomprometidos como lo reportado en esta casuística con shock hipolémico en un paciente trasplantado renal e insufiencia renal aguda y, trombocitopenia, cilindruria y proteinuria en un paicente adulto infectado por VIH. La afectación familiar con un niño como caso índice se reporta en dos grupos de familias. La infección por rotavirus y adenovirus se debe considerar como diagnóstico diferencial en pacientes adultos con diarrea independientemente de su condición inmunológica. Se reporta la casuística en un grupo pequeño de un centro privado. Se recomienda vigilancia epidemiológica nacional a todo nivel para conocer la frecuencia a mayor escala en todos los grupos etarios.


Assuntos
Adenoviridae/metabolismo , Gastroenterite/patologia , Infecções Bacterianas/patologia , Rotavirus/metabolismo , Bacteriologia , Infectologia , Pediatria
17.
Rev. Soc. Venez. Microbiol ; 27(1): 349-363, 2007. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-631597

RESUMO

La osteomielitis crónica (OMC) persiste como un problema de difícil solución, con múltiples recurrencias, limitaciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas que generan complicaciones discapacitantes y numerosas hospitalizaciones. Es consecuencia de un diagnóstico tardío o tratamiento ineficaz, que hacen crucial la adecuada utilización de los métodos diagnósticos y de un tratamiento óptimo. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los casos de OMC en el Hospital Universitario de Caracas (HUC). Se revisaron las historias del HUC entre enero 1995 y enero 2001, obteniéndose 207 casos, para estudiar las características de la enfermedad con respecto a: edad, sexo, hueso mayormente afectado, factores de riesgo o enfermedades subyacentes, métodos diagnósticos utilizados, microorganismos aislados y tipo de tratamiento. Las características estudiadas fueron similares a lo descrito en la literatura. La radiología fue el estudio más utilizado (84,06%), sin embargo se apreció una subutilización de los métodos diagnósticos disponibles. Se realizó tratamiento combinado médico-quirúrgico (antibioticoterapia y limpieza quirúrgica) en 76,81% de los pacientes, se tomaron muestras óseas para cultivos en 53,83% de los pacientes intervenidos, se apreció un alto porcentaje de recaídas (35,22%) y amputaciones (47,77%), lo que refleja un manejo no óptimo de la OMC, que genera una morbilidad significativa que afecta la calidad de vida e incrementa los costos hospitalarios.


Chronic osteomyelitis (COM) persists as a difficult to solve problem, with multiple recurrences, diagnostic and therapeutic limitations that generate disabling complications, and numerous hospitalizations. It is consequence of a retarded diagnosis or ineffective treatment, which turn make an adequate use of diagnostic methods and optimal treatment crucial. A descriptive study of COM cases seen at the University Hospital in Caracas between January 1995 and January 2001 included a total of 207 cases. The study included the characteristics of the disease regarding age, sex, most compromised bone, risk factors or underlying diseases, diagnostic methods used, microorganisms isolated and type of treatment. The characteristics studied were similar to those described in the literature. Radiology was the most used examination (84.06%); nevertheless, there was a sub utilization of diagnostic methods available. A combined medical-surgical treatment (antibiotics and surgical cleaning) was used in 76.81% of the patients; bone samples for culture were taken from 53.83% of the patients treated; and there was a high percentage of relapses (35.22%) and amputations (47.77%), which reflects a non optimal management of COM, that generates a significant morbidity that affects life quality and increases hospital costs.

18.
Bol. venez. infectol ; 16(2): 116-123, jul.-dic. 2005. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-721128

RESUMO

La osteomielitis crónica, complicación más común de una infección aguda de las estructuras óseas que produce su destrucción progresiva, ha persistido en el tiempo como un problema de salud de difícil solución, con limitaciones diagnósticas y terapeúticas, que provocan múltiples recurrencias y hospitalizaciones, además de largas estancias y gastos hospitalarios. Conocer la evolución en el tiempo del tratamiento de la osteomielitis crónica en un hospital general. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y analítico, para ello se efectuó la revisión de los datos registrados en las historias clínicas de los archivos del Hospital Universitario de Caracas (HUC), en el período comprendido entre enero de 1995 y enero de 2001, obteniéndose un total de 282 casos, de los cuales 207 reunieron los criterios de inclusión (73,40 por ciento). Los datos se analizaron mediante Chi cuadrado (X²), cálculos de porcentajes simples y promedios. Observamos que a 159 pacientes (76,81 por ciento), se les realizó tratamiento quirúrgico. En 49,06 por ciento de los casos, el tratamiento antimicrobiano estuvo basado en pruebas de sencibilidad in vitro de los microorganismos aislados a partir del cultivo óseo o de secreción obtenida durante la intervención quirúrgica. Se observaron recaídas en el 40,22 por ciento de los casos. La combinación de antibióticos más empleada fue cefalotina con aminoglicósidos, situación que no se ha modificado en los últimos 6 años. Nuestro estudio demuestra que a pesar de la mejor utilización de métodos diagnósticos como la radiología simple y cultivos óseos en los últimos años, las dificultades terapéuticas persisten sin mayores modificaciones en el HUC; lo que refleja un manejo no óptimo de las infecciones esqueléticas y una inadecuada combinación de tratamiento médico quirúrgico, generando una morbilidad significativa, afectación de la calidad de vida del paciente e incremento en los costos hospitalarios.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos Clínicos , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Doenças Ósseas Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Custos Hospitalares , Osteomielite/diagnóstico , Osteomielite/tratamento farmacológico , Qualidade de Vida , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos , Infectologia , Ortopedia
19.
Todo hosp ; (163): 39-42, ene. 2000. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-37784

RESUMO

La sociedad española está muy judicializada y la medicina no queda al margen de esa impronta cultural. La responsabilidad médico-sanitaria constituye una garantía social imprescindible y es un instrumento esencial de autoexigencia para los profesionales. Los avances de la ciencia y de la tecnología médica hacen que los ciudadanos se cuestionen cada vez más inquietudes de naturaleza ética. Muchos principios éticos, que comenzaron siendo normas morales, han devenido en preceptos legales al ser contemplados por el derecho positivo. El contexto anterior genera cada vez con más frecuencia, la llegada al hospital de peticiones efectuadas por jueces, abogados y particulares, en demanda de peritajes, informes, asesoramientos y testimonios, sobre la actividad médica. Las organizaciones hospitalarias se ven sorprendidas y desbordadas por el gran volumen de oficios procedentes de los tribunales, solicitando explicaciones y aclaraciones de índole médico-legal y ético-deontológico. Se precisa armonizar la custodia de la confidencialidad, a la que tienen derecho los pacientes, con el necesario y obligatorio auxilio a la Administración de Justicia. En el HGUM se entendió necesaria la creación de una Unidad profesional que, de una manera sistemática, unificara y canalizara estas peticiones, asesorando a la dirección y a los distintos servicios. Comenzó su actividad en mayo de 1997 (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Comitês de Ética Clínica/legislação & jurisprudência , Medicina Legal/organização & administração , Legislação como Assunto , Bioética , Temas Bioéticos , Legislação Hospitalar/tendências
20.
La Paz; 1968. 150 p. ilus.
Tese em Espanhol | LIBOCS, LIBOSP | ID: biblio-1311080

RESUMO

Contenido: Introduccion. Cap.1 Generalidades Cap.2 Catalizador Cap.3Factores influyentes en la actividad de un catalizador Cap.4 Catalizadores sobre carbon activo Cap.5 Estructura de los catalizadores al nickel Cap.6 Hidrogenacion Cap.7 Mecanismo de la hidrogenacion catalitica Cap.8 Hidrogenacion selectiva Cap.9 Hidrogenacion con catalizador al cobre-cromo Cap.10 Hidrogenacion con catalizador al nickel. Conclusiones generales.

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